Eco design

Optimization of transformers efficiency   Abstract Following the first article published in July concerning the optimisation of total cost using the PEI for large power...

byMichel SACOTTE


Optimization of transformers efficiency

 

Abstract

Following the first article published in July concerning the optimisation of total cost using the PEI for large power transformers, this article is related to optimization of the total cost of medium power transformers use after they have had their losses fixed by the regulation.

Keywords: eco-design, efficiency, losses, CO₂ emission, total owner cost, PEI

 

  1. Introduction

The targets of the 20/20/20 program from European Union countries has led to review of all transformers’ performances.

The 2020 climate package is a set of binding legislation which ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets for the year 2020.

The package sets three key targets:

  • 20 % cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
  • 20 % of EU energy should come from renewables
  • 20 % improvement in energy efficiency

The targets were set by EU leaders in 2007 and enacted in legislation in 2009. They are also headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth.

The EU has taken action in several areas to meet the targets and transformers are a part of the Commission Regulation requirements (EC) No 548/2014 of 21 May 2014 and amendment of 2019 on implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning small, medium and large power transformers.

Starting with July 1, 2015, transformers have to fulfil minimum energy efficiency requirements. The next milestone in the improvement of their performance will be happening in 2021. The resulting energy savings have been estimated at 16 TWh per year from 2020 onwards, which corresponds to 3.7 Mt of avoided CO₂ emissions. This is equivalent to saving half of the annual electricity consumption of Denmark (32 TWh) per year.

This review of performance done by the amendment adopted in 2019 has also shown the way in which the specification of transformers which were done are economically crucial for the user in regard to money saved or lost.

The range of transformers in the European countries is divided into 2 families; one are repetitive transformers in general, with a nominal power less than 3,15 MVA where the standardization of the components is relevant in terms of cost and another without repetitive transformers (without series) where the standardization components are not possible nor relevant.

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